²ʲÑÒÎвÍÊÀ
Íàâèãàöèÿ:
²íôîðìàòèêà
²ñòîð³ÿ
Àâòîìàòèçàö³ÿ
Àäì³í³ñòðóâàííÿ
Àíòðîïîëîã³ÿ
Àðõ³òåêòóðà
Á³îëîã³ÿ
Áóä³âíèöòâî
Áóõãàëòåð³ÿ
³éñüêîâà íàóêà
Âèðîáíèöòâî
Ãåîãðàô³ÿ
Ãåîëîã³ÿ
Ãîñïîäàðñòâî
Äåìîãðàô³ÿ
Åêîëîã³ÿ
Åêîíîì³êà
Åëåêòðîí³êà
Åíåðãåòèêà
Æóðíàë³ñòèêà
ʳíåìàòîãðàô³ÿ
Êîìï'þòåðèçàö³ÿ
Êðåñëåííÿ
Êóë³íàð³ÿ
Êóëüòóðà
Êóëüòóðà
˳íãâ³ñòèêà
˳òåðàòóðà
Ëåêñèêîëîã³ÿ
Ëîã³êà
Ìàðêåòèíã
Ìàòåìàòèêà
Ìåäèöèíà
Ìåíåäæìåíò
Ìåòàëóðã³ÿ
Ìåòðîëîã³ÿ
Ìèñòåöòâî
Ìóçèêà
Íàóêîçíàâñòâî
Îñâ³òà
Îõîðîíà Ïðàö³
ϳäïðèºìíèöòâî
Ïåäàãîã³êà
Ïîë³ãðàô³ÿ
Ïðàâî
Ïðèëàäîáóäóâàííÿ
Ïðîãðàìóâàííÿ
Ïñèõîëîã³ÿ
Ðàä³îçâ'ÿçîê
Ðåë³ã³ÿ
Ðèòîðèêà
Ñîö³îëîã³ÿ
Ñïîðò
Ñòàíäàðòèçàö³ÿ
Ñòàòèñòèêà
Òåõíîëî㳿
Òîðã³âëÿ
Òðàíñïîðò
Ô³ç³îëîã³ÿ
Ô³çèêà
Ô³ëîñîô³ÿ
Ô³íàíñè
Ôàðìàêîëîã³ÿ


III. Translate into English using the Objective or Subjective Participle Complexes.

1. Ìè íå ðàç ÷óëè, ÿê éîãî ìàòè ãîâîðèëà ïðî òå, ùî â³í ïðèéìຠîï³î¿äí³ çíåáîëþâàëüí³ ë³êè ÷åðåç ñèëüí³ áîë³ â ñïèí³.

2. Ïðè÷èíó ïåð³îäè÷íîãî ïîïåðåêîâîãî áîëþ â ö³º¿ æ³íêè ââàæàþòü âñòàíîâëåíîþ. ¯é ïðèçíà÷åíî 5% ãåëü äèêëîôåíàêó, ùî º íåñòåðî¿äíèì ïðîòèçàïàëüíèì çàñîáîì.

3. ß áà÷èëà, ÿê ìåäñåñòðà ââîäèëà ïàö³ºíòîâ³ âíóòð³øíüîì’ÿçîâî êåòîðîëàê (ketorolac), àíàëüãåòè÷íèé åôåêò ÿêîãî ó 350 ðàç³â á³ëüøèé, í³æ àñï³ðèíó.

4. Ó ïàö³ºíòà ³ç õðîí³÷íèìè áîëÿìè âçÿëè çðàçîê òêàíèíè äëÿ àíàë³çó, îñê³ëüêè ï³äîçðþþòü çëîÿê³ñíó ïóõëèíó.

5. ×óëè, ÿê ó ïàëàò³ ïëàêàëà äèòèíà. ijâ÷èíêà íå õîò³ëà çàëèøàòèñÿ ó ë³êàðí³ áåç ìàòåð³.

6. Êîíôåðåíö³þ íà ÿê³é ðîçãëÿäàëîñÿ ïèòàííÿ äîñòóïíîñò³ îï³î¿ä³â ó ë³êóâàíí³ áîëþ ââàæàþòü çàâåðøåíîþ.

7. Äóìàëè, ùî ïðîáëåìó ïðèçíà÷åííÿ îï³î¿ä³â ïðè íàäàíí³ ïàë³àòèâíî¿ äîïîìîãè ïàö³ºíòàì ³ç âèðàæåíèìè îíêîëîã³÷íèìè çàõâîðþâàííÿìè âèð³øåíî.

8. Ñò³íè íàøîãî áóäèíêó òîíê³ ³ ÿ ÷àñòî ÷óþ, ÿê ñóñ³äêà âíî÷³ ñòîãíå â³ä áîëþ.

9. Ñòóäåíòè ñïîñòåð³ãàëè, ÿê ë³êàð îãëÿäàâ ïàö³ºíòà, êîòðèé ñòðàæäàâ â³ä áîëþ ó øëóíêó.

10. ×îëîâ³êà ç îíêîëîã³÷íèì çàõâîðþâàííÿì ïðîîïåðóâàëè. Éîìó çðîáèëè ïàë³àòèâíó îïåðàö³þ, ÿêà ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ó òàêèõ âèïàäêàõ äëÿ ë³êóâàííÿ áîëþ.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Lesson 4

Antihistamines

Text:Antihistamines

Grammar:The Absolute Participle Complex

I. Active Vocabulary

 

allergy antihistamine to counteract itching runny nose   pollen ragweed mast cell to swell stuffy nose rash hives hay fever   decongestant drowsiness restlessness moodiness blurred vision confusion difficulty urinating glaucoma ['xlqGI] ["xntI'hIstqmJn] ["kaVntq'xkt] ['ICIN] ['rAnI"nqVz]   ['pPlqn] ['rxgwJd] ['mRst"sel] [swel] ['stAfI"nqVz] [rxS] [haIvz] ['heI"fJvq]   ["dJkqn'Gestqnt] ['draVzInIs] ['restlqsnIs] ['mHdInIs] ['blE:d 'vIZn] [kqn'fjHZn] ['jVrIneItIN] [glL'kqVmq] àëåðã³ÿ àíòèã³ñòàì³í ïðîòèä³ÿòè, íåéòðàë³çóâàòè ùî ñâåðáèòü ðèíîðåÿ (âèä³ëåííÿ âîäÿíèñòîãî ñëèçó ç íîñà) ïèëîê àìáðîç³ÿ ìàñòîöèò íàáðÿêàòè çàêëàäåíèé í³ñ âèñèï êðîïèâ’ÿíêà ïîë³íîç, ñ³ííà ãàðÿ÷êà, ñåçîííèé àëåðã³÷íè ðèí³ò ïðîòèçàñò³éíèé, ïðîòèíàáðÿêîâèé çàñ³á ñîíëèâ³ñòü íåâãàìîâí³ñòü, çàíåïîêîºí³ñòü ð³çêà çì³íà íàñòðîþ ðîçôîêóñîâàíèé ç³ð âòðàòà îð³ºíòàö³¿ óòðóäíåíå ñå÷îâèïóñêàííÿ ãëàóêîìà

 

II. Read the following text.

Antihistamines

An antihistamine is a type of drug used to fight allergic reactions. It encompasses a broad class of drugs that can treat conditions ranging from minor to life threatening. Different antihistamines are used for different types of reactions. However, at their root, all antihistamines do the same thing – they counteract a type of chemical released by the body immune system, known as histamine.

Antihistamines work by targeting the immune system response that leads to allergy symptoms such as itching and a runny nose. When a body comes into contact with whatever an allergic trigger may be (whether it is pollen, ragweed, or another substance), mast cells of the immune system produce substances called histamines, which act on receptors in the nose and throat. That’s what causes the tissue in the nose to swell (producing a stuffy nose), the nose and eyes to run, and the eyes to itch. Sometimes this allergic reaction also triggers an itchy rash on the skin, called hives. Antihistamines reduce or block the action of histamines by preventing them from attaching to their receptors.

Antihistamines are effective at reducing symptoms of different types of allergies, including seasonal allergies (hay fever) and food allergies, but they can’t relieve every symptom. To help treat nasal congestion, a doctor may recommend adding a decongestant (some drugs combine an antihistamine and decongestant).

Antihistamines come in different forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, nasal sprays, and eyedrops. Some antihistamines are only available by prescription; others you can buy over the counter (OTC) at your local pharmacy or supermarket.

Examples of prescription antihistamines include: desloratadine (Clarinex), levocetirizine (Xyzal), carbinoxamine (Palgic), cyproheptadine (generic only), hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril), azelastine (Astelin, Astepro nasal sprays), emadastine (Emadine eyedrops), azelastine (Optivar eyedrops), levocabastine (Livostin eyedrops). Examples of OTC antihistamines include: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin, Alavert), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), brompheniramine (Dimetane), cetirizine (Zyrtec), clemastine (Tavist). Allergy eyedrops such as Emadine and Livostin can help specifically with symptoms of eye allergies, including itchy, watery eyes. Some medications contain a combination of an antihistamine and a decongestant to relieve congestion. An example is Claritin-D, which combines the antihistamine Claritin with the decongestant pseudoephedrine.

Like just about all drugs, antihistamines can cause side effects, and some antihistamines cause more side effects than others. Drugs such as Chlor-Trimeton, Tavist, and Benadryl belong to an older group of antihistamines known as “first-generation” antihistamines. They tend to cause more side effects, particularly drowsiness. Newer-generation prescription antihistamines such as Clarinex, Zyrtec, and Allegra have fewer side effects, so they may be a better choice for some people.

Some of the main side effects of antihistamines include: dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, restlessness or moodiness (in some children), difficulty urinating or inability to urinate, blurred vision confusion

When using antihistamines, follow these precautions:

· If you’re taking an antihistamine that causes drowsiness, try to take it before bedtime. Avoid using during the day when driving or operating heavy machinery.

· Before taking antihistamines, go over all of your medications with your doctor or pharmacist. Antihistamines may interact with other medications you are taking.

· Talk to your doctor before using antihistamines if you have an enlarged prostate, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, kidney or liver disease, a bladder obstruction, or glaucoma or other conditions that cause a rise in eye pressure. Also check with your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing.

© 2013 wikipage.com.ua - Äÿêóºìî çà ïîñèëàííÿ íà wikipage.com.ua | Êîíòàêòè