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III. Translate into English using the Objective or Subjective Participle Complexes.
1. Ìè íå ðàç ÷óëè, ÿê éîãî ìàòè ãîâîðèëà ïðî òå, ùî â³í ïðèéìຠîï³î¿äí³ çíåáîëþâàëüí³ ë³êè ÷åðåç ñèëüí³ áîë³ â ñïèí³. 2. Ïðè÷èíó ïåð³îäè÷íîãî ïîïåðåêîâîãî áîëþ â ö³º¿ æ³íêè ââàæàþòü âñòàíîâëåíîþ. ¯é ïðèçíà÷åíî 5% ãåëü äèêëîôåíàêó, ùî º íåñòåðî¿äíèì ïðîòèçàïàëüíèì çàñîáîì. 3. ß áà÷èëà, ÿê ìåäñåñòðà ââîäèëà ïàö³ºíòîâ³ âíóòð³øíüîì’ÿçîâî êåòîðîëàê (ketorolac), àíàëüãåòè÷íèé åôåêò ÿêîãî ó 350 ðàç³â á³ëüøèé, í³æ àñï³ðèíó. 4. Ó ïàö³ºíòà ³ç õðîí³÷íèìè áîëÿìè âçÿëè çðàçîê òêàíèíè äëÿ àíàë³çó, îñê³ëüêè ï³äîçðþþòü çëîÿê³ñíó ïóõëèíó. 5. ×óëè, ÿê ó ïàëàò³ ïëàêàëà äèòèíà. ijâ÷èíêà íå õîò³ëà çàëèøàòèñÿ ó ë³êàðí³ áåç ìàòåð³. 6. Êîíôåðåíö³þ íà ÿê³é ðîçãëÿäàëîñÿ ïèòàííÿ äîñòóïíîñò³ îï³î¿ä³â ó ë³êóâàíí³ áîëþ ââàæàþòü çàâåðøåíîþ. 7. Äóìàëè, ùî ïðîáëåìó ïðèçíà÷åííÿ îï³î¿ä³â ïðè íàäàíí³ ïàë³àòèâíî¿ äîïîìîãè ïàö³ºíòàì ³ç âèðàæåíèìè îíêîëîã³÷íèìè çàõâîðþâàííÿìè âèð³øåíî. 8. Ñò³íè íàøîãî áóäèíêó òîíê³ ³ ÿ ÷àñòî ÷óþ, ÿê ñóñ³äêà âíî÷³ ñòîãíå â³ä áîëþ. 9. Ñòóäåíòè ñïîñòåð³ãàëè, ÿê ë³êàð îãëÿäàâ ïàö³ºíòà, êîòðèé ñòðàæäàâ â³ä áîëþ ó øëóíêó. 10. ×îëîâ³êà ç îíêîëîã³÷íèì çàõâîðþâàííÿì ïðîîïåðóâàëè. Éîìó çðîáèëè ïàë³àòèâíó îïåðàö³þ, ÿêà ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ó òàêèõ âèïàäêàõ äëÿ ë³êóâàííÿ áîëþ. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson 4 Antihistamines Text:Antihistamines Grammar:The Absolute Participle Complex I. Active Vocabulary
II. Read the following text. Antihistamines
Antihistamines work by targeting the immune system response that leads to allergy symptoms such as itching and a runny nose. When a body comes into contact with whatever an allergic trigger may be (whether it is pollen, ragweed, or another substance), mast cells of the immune system produce substances called histamines, which act on receptors in the nose and throat. That’s what causes the tissue in the nose to swell (producing a stuffy nose), the nose and eyes to run, and the eyes to itch. Sometimes this allergic reaction also triggers an itchy rash on the skin, called hives. Antihistamines reduce or block the action of histamines by preventing them from attaching to their receptors. Antihistamines are effective at reducing symptoms of different types of allergies, including seasonal allergies (hay fever) and food allergies, but they can’t relieve every symptom. To help treat nasal congestion, a doctor may recommend adding a decongestant (some drugs combine an antihistamine and decongestant). Antihistamines come in different forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, nasal sprays, and eyedrops. Some antihistamines are only available by prescription; others you can buy over the counter (OTC) at your local pharmacy or supermarket. Examples of prescription antihistamines include: desloratadine (Clarinex), levocetirizine (Xyzal), carbinoxamine (Palgic), cyproheptadine (generic only), hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril), azelastine (Astelin, Astepro nasal sprays), emadastine (Emadine eyedrops), azelastine (Optivar eyedrops), levocabastine (Livostin eyedrops). Examples of OTC antihistamines include: diphenhydramine (Benadryl), fexofenadine (Allegra), loratadine (Claritin, Alavert), chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), brompheniramine (Dimetane), cetirizine (Zyrtec), clemastine (Tavist). Allergy eyedrops such as Emadine and Livostin can help specifically with symptoms of eye allergies, including itchy, watery eyes. Some medications contain a combination of an antihistamine and a decongestant to relieve congestion. An example is Claritin-D, which combines the antihistamine Claritin with the decongestant pseudoephedrine. Like just about all drugs, antihistamines can cause side effects, and some antihistamines cause more side effects than others. Drugs such as Chlor-Trimeton, Tavist, and Benadryl belong to an older group of antihistamines known as “first-generation” antihistamines. They tend to cause more side effects, particularly drowsiness. Newer-generation prescription antihistamines such as Clarinex, Zyrtec, and Allegra have fewer side effects, so they may be a better choice for some people. Some of the main side effects of antihistamines include: dry mouth, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, restlessness or moodiness (in some children), difficulty urinating or inability to urinate, blurred vision confusion When using antihistamines, follow these precautions: · If you’re taking an antihistamine that causes drowsiness, try to take it before bedtime. Avoid using during the day when driving or operating heavy machinery. · Before taking antihistamines, go over all of your medications with your doctor or pharmacist. Antihistamines may interact with other medications you are taking. · Talk to your doctor before using antihistamines if you have an enlarged prostate, heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, kidney or liver disease, a bladder obstruction, or glaucoma or other conditions that cause a rise in eye pressure. Also check with your doctor if you are pregnant or nursing. |
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