IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense

1. At the station we (to see) a lot of people, they (to hurry) to the platform.

2. By the end of the storm the wind (to break) many trees.

3. Every year she (to spend) her holidays in the south.

4. He (to swim) in the swimming pool at ten o’clock tomorrow morning.

5. I (to buy) all the necessary things by your arrival.

6. I (to see) off my friend at five o’clock in the afternoon tomorrow.

7. This time next week they (to go) to the Crimea by train.

8. This time tomorrow we (to swim) in the Black sea.

9. We (just to phone) at the station to inquire about the train.

10. Yesterday the delegation (to leave) for London.

V. Change the sentences given in the Present Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers

Model: It has been raining since morning. It hasn’t been raining since morning. Has it been raining since morning? Yes, it has. No, it hasn’t.

1. He has been having dinner for half an hour.

2. I have been waiting for you for forty minutes.

3. She has been reading for half an hour.

4. I have been writing these sentences for an hour.

5. He has been wearing the suit for two years.

6. My father has been suffering the toothache all day long.

7. I have been looking for the magazine for several hours.

8. My friend has been learning French for two years.

9. They have been discussing the plan of the work since morning.

10. The teacher has been explaining the rule to the students for forty minutes.

VI. Express the same idea in one sentence instead of two by using the Present Perfect Continuous

Model: I began to do this exercise a quarter of an hour ago. I am still doing it. I have been doing this exercise for a quarter of an hour.

1. My sister began to work at Harrods two years ago. She is still working there.

2. Our neighbour began to teach English fifteen years ago. He is still teaching it.

3. I began to look for this magazine half an hour ago. I am still looking for it.

4. His father began to work at the railway station in 1962. He is still working there.

5. The boy fell asleep at ten o'clock. He is still sleeping.

6. He began to read a newspaper in the garden half an hour ago. He is still reading.

7. My uncle moved to this house when he left school. He is still living in it.

8. She came to the platform 20 minutes ago. She is still standing on it.

9. Mother began to cook two hours ago. She is still cooking dinner.

VII. Change the sentences given in the Past Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers

Model: He had been working for an hour before I came. He hadn’t been working for an hour before I came. Had he been working for an hour before I came? Yes, he had. No, he hadn’t.

1. They had been talking for twenty minutes when his friend entered the room.

2. We had been discussing it for an hour when the dean entered.

3. She had been working at the university for two years by that time.

4. We had been waiting for several days before he gave the final answer.

5. He had been playing chess for an hour when the telephone rang.

6. I had been writing for an hour when my sister came.

7. The telephone had been ringing for several minutes when he took the receiver.

8. My sister had been playing the piano for an hour by that time.

9. He had been playing football for three hours when his mother came home.

10. We had been speaking for twenty minutes when he suddenly interfered.

VIII. Turn the following into the Past Perfect Continuous. Add other words indicating a past moment as in the model

Model: I have been waiting for you for half an hour. I had been waiting for you for half an hour when you came.

1. I have been packing my things for an hour and a half.

2. He has been working in the laboratory for two years.

3. They have been quarrelling for a long time.

4. The chil­dren have been skating for an hour.

5. He has been wear­ing this suit for a year.

6. My brother has been serving in the army for two years.

7.He has been waiting for her for half an hour.

8. She has been looking after him foe two years.

9. They have been building this factory for five years.

10. She has been copying out the text for half an hour.

IX. Change the sentences given in the Future Perfect Continuous into negative and interrogative. Give short affirmative and negative answers

Model: She will have been singing for an hour by three o’clock. She won’t have been singing for an hour by three o’clock. Will she have been singing for an hour by three o’clock? Yes, she will. No, she won’t.

1. By summer you will have been studying English for three years.

2. By the eighth of May he will have been working at the factory for ten years.

3. I shall have been listening to the record for an hour before you return.

4. They will have been studying French for ten months by the first of January.

5. I shall have been training for half an hour by eight o’clock.

6. We shall have been writing a composition for an hour by that time.

7. She will have been singing for twenty minutes when you come home.

8. It will have been snowing for two hours by three o’clock.

9. My brother will have been skating for half an hour when you come.

10. We shall have been working here for a week when you return.

X. Make up sentences from the words given below

1. been; building; factory; five; for; have; they; this; years.

2. been; English; for; has; he; learning; months; three.

3. been; by; for; had; living; she; ten; that; there; time; years.

4. an; been; for; came; for; had; hour; it; looking; we; when; you.

5. an; been; by; chess; for; four; half; have; hour; o'clock; playing; will; you.

6. a; an; been; book; came; for; had; he; hour; reading; they; when.

7. been; by; eight; for; had; hours; o'clock; piano; playing; the; two; you.

8. been; by; for; had; hours; І; it; reading; that; time; two.

UNIT 7

THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES

BEFORE YOU READ

Answer these questions

1. Do you agree that the USA is a country of great diversity? Why?

2.How many states does the USA consist of? What are they?

READING TASKS

A. Understanding main points

Read the text below about one of the largest countries in the world and answer the questions, beginning your answers with the fol­lowing phrases:as a rule …; to tell the truth …; as far as I know …; the matter is that …; as far as I remember …; as far as I am concerned …; frankly/strictly speak­ing …; to make a long story short … .

1. What country is one of the largest countries in the world? What is it often called for short?

2. What do you know about the geographical position of the USA?

3. What facts prove that the USA is an extremely large country in North America?

4. What mountains in the USA do you know? Where are they situated? Are they considered to be young or old mountains?

5. What is there between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains? What are the central and the eastern lowlands called?

6. What are the five Great Lakes joined together by?

7. What rivers on the territory of the USA do you know? Which of them are considered to be the main rivers?

8. Do you think that the climate in North America is much colder or much warmer than in Europe?

9. What forests are the Northern Appalachians and the upper Great Lakes region dominated by?

10. What do states in the USA differ in? Which of them is the largest one and which is the smallest one?

11. What big cities in the USA do you know? What is the national capital of the country? What do you know about it?

B. Understanding details

Mark the statements T (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text. Give your reason using the fol­lowing phrases: as a matter of fact ...; I don't think so …; I'm of the same opinion …; in my opinion …; on the contrary …; strictly speaking ...; to my mind ... .

1. The United States is situated in the central part of the South American conti­nent.

2. The USA is the largest country in the world.

3. The USA consists of four separate parts. It possesses a lot of islands in the Pacific Ocean and in the Atlantic.

4. The continental part of the USA consists of five physical geographical parts: two highland and three lowland regions.

5. The Rocky Mountains are considered to be old, high, rough, and irregular in shape.

6. The five Great Lakes are situated in the northern state of Minnesota.

7. Though the USA is a very large country, it doesn’t have several different climate zones.

8. The USA consists of fifty-one states and the District of Columbia.

9. The states of the USA don’t differ very much in size, population and economic development.

10. The population of the USA is over 300 million people, most of the population lives in the country.