From the History of Computers.

The educated man of 200 years ago did not need to know anything about science. The educated man of 25-30 years ago did not need to know anything about computers. But the educated man of today needs to have some significant knowledge of science and a little significant knowledge about computers.

The computer is no doubt the most amazing achievement of mankind. It is a data storage system created by man. A human tells the machine what to do, when to do it and how it should be done.

The word computer comes from a Latin word which means to count.

Nearly one hundred fifty years ago there were no such things as computers. Knotted ropes, marks in clay, the abacus were all the methods of keeping track of numbers.

In 1833 an English inventor and mathematician Charles Babbage, professor of Cambridge University designed the first computer. The mathematical programme for his machine had been composed by Augusta Ada Byron, Lord Byron’s

1. – Добрий день. Я хотів би зупинитися у вашому готелі. Мені хотілося б номер на одного з ванною і телефоном.

2. – Ви замовляли у нас номер?

1. – Так, я послав вам телеграму із Києва з проханням зарезервувати мені номер з 12 вересня. Ось лист-підтвердження.

2. – Так, усе гаразд. Заповніть, будь-ласка, бланк. Як довго Ви збираєтеся зупинитися у нашому готелі?

1. – Я розраховую пробути у вашому готелі тиждень. Ви не будете заперечувати, якщо я оплачу рахунок, коли буду виписуватись?

2. Звичайно, як вам зручно.

1. – На якому поверсі мій номер?

2. – Ваш номер на шостому поверсі. Коридорний проведе Вас до Вашого номера і допоможе Вам з Вашим багажем.

1. – Дякую.

2. – Приємного відпочинку.

VIII. Change the following sentences from affirmative to negative. Use the contracted form.

1. The guests pay per day.
2. I leave the key at the reception desk.
3. I want my bill ready at 8 a.m.
4. My room faces the yard.
5. She eats lunch at the cafeteria every day.
6. The receptionist speaks English very well.
7. The manager solves all the problems.
8. They live in a double room.
9. I have a letter of confirmation.

Computers in our life

The first digital computer was completed in 1944. Since that time, there have been many changes. Now computers are smaller, cheaper, and more common. There are few people who have not worked with a computer, either directly or indirectly. Banks, businesses, hospitals, universities, and airlines all use computers. Libraries also use computers to check out books.

Up until now, the computer has been used most often in business, where it was first used for accounting. This is still its most common use. It can list and remember the number of products that the business buys and sells. It can also calculate the average cost of the products in the store. It can tell the businessman when they need to buy more. Management uses it to prepare business reports and to make decisions. It can predict the future of the business so the management can use the information when it has to make important decisions.

Many banks use computers to process customers’ checks and to keep records of their money. Outside many banks, there are automatic tellers, which are computers. People use them when the bank is closed. They can deposit money, they can get cash, and they can transfer money from a savings account to a checking account and vice versa.

Computers that are used in factories to control the assembly line put together cars, airplanes, and other machines. They do jobs that are difficult, dangerous, or boring for people to do. A computer is also used to check quality in the factory because it can test products to see if they are satisfactory. Chemical companies often use computers to analyze their processes and check their products.

In the travel industry, computers are widely used to make reservations for airlines and hotels. Passengers do not have to wait days or weeks to see if there are seats on the airplanes because the computer can give them the information immediately.

Schools are beginning to use the computers more and more because it can teach many kinds of lessons. Pupils have the chance to learn at their own speed. Some pupils can work slowly, others can work quickly. The computer tells them if their answers are right or wrong. The computers can help pupils to review if they need to. One computer system that is used in education is PLATO. It teaches English!

One very important use of the computer is in word processing. A word processor is a computer that can type letters, papers, or books. It makes the

1. We always fill out the form when we check in.

IX. Supply “do” or “does” to complete the questions.

1. What hotel … you usually stay?
2. Why … he usually stay at this hotel?
3. What …the maid do?
4. When …the Smiths check out?
5. How much …you usually pay for your lunch?
6. What … your secretary know about this hotel?
7. How…you get there?
8. What …you think of the service?
9. How much …it cost?
10. What room …you prefer?
11. What time … she prefer to have breakfast?

X. Change the following sentences to questions beginning with the question word in parentheses.

Lesson 25.

Topic: A Computer.

Active Vocabulary

a binary numeration systemдвійкова система кодування

a databaseбаза даних

a set of instructionsнабір інструкцій

a floppy discгнучкий диск

a hard discжорсткий диск

to store dataзберігати дані

to perform operationsвиконувати операції

to solve problemsвирішувати проблеми

to process dataобробляти дані

to digitizeоцифровувати

a hardwareапаратне забезпечення

a softwareпрограмне забезпечення

special-purpose computersкомп’ютери спеціального призначення

general-purpose computersкомп’ютери загального призначення

to calculateробити обрахунки

a memoryпам’ять

a keyboardклавіатура

to useвикористовувати

digital computersцифрові комп’ютери

to computeрахувати, вираховувати

to penetrateпроникати

to displayпоказувати, виводити на екран

an accuracyточність

I) Read and translate the following text:

1. Mr. Brown returns to the hotel at 8 p.m. (when)
2. We have three vacant rooms. (how many)

XI. Sample Dialogue.

-- Can I reserve a double room for the next weekend?

-- Yes, please. We have a double room on the fourth floor. Its price is 25 dollars per night. And the double room on the second floor is a little more expensive. Its price is 40 dollars. Which one would you choose?

-- I think I’ll take the cheaper one which is on the fourth floor. What is the check-out time?

-- Twelve. How long will you be staying with us?

-- I plan to stay for two days.

-- All right. The room is reserved for you. Let me write down your surname and name.

-- John White.

-- Well, you can pay on departure and sigh the hotel register as soon as you come here.

-- Thank you.

-- You are welcome.

Lesson 11.

Topic: Food and Meals.

Topical words

to cookготувати( страви)

A. Just a moment. I’ll get his schedule. Are you there?

B. Yes.

A. I can fix an appointment for you for tomorrow. That’s Wednesday afternoon. Will 4 p. m. be all right with you?

B. Yes, thank you. You have been most helpful. Good-bye.

A. Good-bye.

A long distance call.

A. International. Good morning.

B. Good morning. I want to book a call to Kyiv. My name is Klymenko.

A. What number are you calling from?

B. It’s 437-7865.

A. What number do you want in Kyiv?

B. The Kyiv number is 543-6785. Can you put me through straight way?

A. I’m afraid not, sir. The line is busy. I’ll call you back as soon as the call comes through.

II. Complete the statements.

1. Hello! May I… .

2. Could you … .

3. I’m sorry, but the manager … .

4. Would you like to leave a message or … .

5. Thank you. You have been … .

6. I’d rather … .

7. Can you put me … .

8. I’m sorry to … .

9. What number … .

III. Act as an interpreter.

A. Добрий день. Як зателефонувати до Києва?

B. There is no direct automatic line. You’ll have to book an international call.

А. Коли мене можуть з’єднати?

B. I’ll try to book a call for you right now. What is your number in Kyiv?

А. Мій київський номер 265-13-45.

B. I’ll call you back as soon as they put me through.

to boilварити

to stewтушкувати

to fryсмажити

to have a biteперекусити

to help to…пригощатися

to preferвіддавати перевагу

a helpingпорція

substantialістотний, значний

national cuisineнаціональна кухня

for the first(second) courseна перше (друге)

to have breakfast(dinner, supper)снідати (обідати, вечеряти)

porridgeвівсяна каша

buckwheat porridgeгречана каша

picklesсоління

macaroniмакарони

cabbage soupкапустяний суп

pea soupгороховий суп

Ukrainian borschукраїнський борщ

noodle soupсуп з вермішеллю

vegetable soupовочевий суп

chicken brothбульйон з курки

mashed potatoesкартопляне пюре

fried(boiled) potatoesсмажена (варена) картопля

chopбиток

omeletteомлет

home-made tartsпироги домашнього приготування

stewed fruitкомпот

wholesomeкорисний, здоровий

plentifulбагатий (на )

I). Read and translate the following text:

Food and Meals.

The usual meals of Ukrainian people are breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper. Breakfast is the first meal of the day, and we generally have it at about 8 o’clock in the morning. Lunch is a light meal usually in the middle of the day. Dinner is the chief and the most substantial meal of the day. It is not served at a definite

long distance/international callміжнародна розмова