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ALFRED NOBEL (A Man of Contrasts)

1. Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896), Swedish inventor and philanthropist was a man of many contrasts. He was a son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire, a scientist with a love to literature. He made a large fortune but lived a simple life. He was cheerful in company and often sad in private. A lover of mankind he never had a wife or family to love him, a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil. He discovered a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peaceful industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill his fellow men.

2. He was born in Stockholm but moved to Russia with his parents, where his father made a strong position in engineering industry. He made a lot of money for his inven­tion of landmine but later went bankrupt. Alfred came to Sweden in 1863 and stated his own study of explosives. He had never been to school or university but he studied privately. Like his father, Alfred was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense.

3. He was quick to see possibilities for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. His greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industri­alist.

4. But Nobel's main concern was never making money or even making scientific dis­coveries. He was always searching for a meaning of life. He cared deeply about the whole of mankind. His greatest wish was to see an end to wars and he spent much time and money for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896.

5. His inventions made him a very wealthy man. He created the famous Nobel Founda­tion, the yearly interest in which is distributed in the form of prizes to leading person­alities from the whole world in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the promotion of peace and understanding between the nations. The Nobel prize, distributed every year on the anniversary of Nobel's death, the 10th of December has made his name famous, all over the world. So, the man who felt he should have died at birth, is remembered and respected long after his death.

6. The prizes were first awarded in 1901.They are given in Stockholm Concert Hall in the presence of a distinguished audience including the scientific elite of the world and the Swedish royal family.

V. Ïðî÷èòàéòå 4 àáçàö ³ ïèòàííÿ äî íüîãî. Ç íàâåäåíèõ âàð³àíò³â â³äïîâ³äåé âêàæ³òü íîìåð ðå÷åííÿ, ÿêå ì³ñòèòü â³ðíó â³äïîâ³äü íà ïèòàííÿ.
Where are Nobel Prizes given to leading personalities of the world?

1. … in the International Centre of science and culture.

2. … in Stockholm Concert Hall in the presence of a distinguished audience in­cluding scientists and the Swedish royal family.

3. … in any country of the world.


Êîíòðîëüíå çàâäàííÿ ¹ 3

Äëÿ òîãî, ùîá ïðàâèëüíî âèêîíàòè êîíòðîëüíó ðîáîòó ¹ 3 íåîáõ³äíî çàñâî¿òè íàñòóïí³ ðîçä³ëè êóðñó àíãë³éñüêî¿ ìîâè ïî ðåêîìåíäîâàíîìó ï³äðó÷íèêó:

Ãðàìàòè÷í³ ôóíêö³¿ ³ çíà÷åííÿ ñë³â that, one, if.

Ïàñèâíèé ñòàí âèäî÷àñîâèõ ôîðì Indefinite (Simple), Continuous (Progressive), Perfect.

Áåçñïîëó÷íèêîâ³ îçíà÷àëüí³ òà äîäàòêîâ³ ï³äðÿäí³ ðå÷åííÿ.

4. Ñêëàäí³ íåîñîáîâ³ ôîðìè 䳺ñëîâà:

ijºïðèêìåòíèê. Ôîðìè òà ôóíêö³¿. Íåçàëåæíèé 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêîâèé çâîðîò.

²íô³í³òèâ. Ôîðìè òà ôóíêö³¿. ²íô³í³òèâí³ çâîðîòè: îá’ºêòíèé ³íô³í³òèâíèé çâîðîò, ñóá’ºêòíèé ³íô³í³òèâíèé çâîðîò.

Óìîâí³ ðå÷åííÿ.

Âèêîðèñòîâóéòå íàñòóïí³ çðàçêè âèêîíàííÿ âïðàâ:

 

 

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 1 (äî âïðàâè ²)

Present Perfect Passive

The main question has already been discussed. Ãîëîâíå ïèòàííÿ âæå îáãîâîðåíî

Present Indefinite Passive

His scientific work is much spoken about Ïðî éîãî íàóêîâó ðîáîòó áàãàòî ãîâîðÿòü

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 2 (äî âïðàâè ²²)

1. It is necessary to use the latest means of control   Íåîáõ³äíî âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè íàéíîâ³òí³ø³ çàñîáè êîíòðîëþ
One should agree that experiment was of great importance for our research. Ñë³ä ïîãîäèòèñü, ùî öåé åêñïåðèìåíò ìàâ âåëèêå çíà÷åííÿ äëÿ íàøîãî äîñë³äæåííÿ.

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 3 (äî âïðàâè ²²²)

What is the name of the book you are reading? ßê íàçèâàºòüñÿ êíèãà, ÿêó òè ÷èòàºø?
The region we must explore possesses great natural wealth. Ðàéîí, ÿêèé ìè ïîâèíí³ äîñë³äèòè, ìຠâåëè÷åçí³ ïðèðîäí³ ðåñóðñè.

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 4 (äî âïðàâè ²V)

1. The importance of chemistry for all sciences is known to be growing rapidly. 2. We want the new car to be produced by February. The device to be bought must be checked beforehand. ³äîìî, ùî âàæëèâ³ñòü õ³ì³¿ äëÿ âñ³õ íàóê øâèäêî çðîñòàº.   Ìè áàæàºìî, ùîá íîâèé àâòîìîá³ëü áóëî âèïóùåíî äî ëþòîãî. Ïðèëàä, ÿêèé òðåáà êóïóâàòè, ñë³ä ïîïåðåäíüî ïåðåâ³ðèòè.

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 5 (äî âïðàâè V)

1.Having installed the new equipment, the plant could raise its output Âñòàíîâèâøè íîâå îáëàäíàííÿ çàâîä çì³ã ï³äâèùèòè âèïóñê ïðîäóêö³¿
2. Applying this method our plant could achieve a greater volume of production. 3. New technological processes having been developed, new types of equipment have been installed in the shop. Âèêîðèñòîâóþ÷è öåé ìåòîä íàø çàâîä çìîæå äîñÿãòè á³ëüøîãî ð³âíÿ âèðîáíèöòâà ϳñëÿ òîãî ÿê áóëè ðîçðîáëåí³ íîâ³ òåõíîëîã³÷í³ ïðîöåñè, ó öåõó áóëî âñòàíîâëåíî íîâå îáëàäíàííÿ.

 

Çðàçîê âèêîíàííÿ 6 (äî âïðàâè VI)

 

1. If the installation is put into operation in time, the economic effect will be greater. 2. If the system had been perfected, we should have applied it for new calculations. 3. It would be impossible to build spaceships without using new materials and alloys ßêùî óñòàíîâêó áóäå çàïóùåíî â÷àñíî, åêîíîì³÷íèé åôåêò çðîñòå. ßêùî á ñèñòåìà íå áóëà óäîñêîíàëåíà, ìè áè âèêîðèñòàëè ¿¿ äëÿ íîâèõ ðîçðàõóíê³â. Áóëî á íåìîæëèâî áóäóâàòè êîñì³÷í³ êîðàáë³ áåç âèêîðèñòàííÿ íîâ³òí³õ ìàòåð³àë³â òà ñïëàâ³â.

 


ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜÍÅ ÇÀÂÄÀÍÍß ¹ 3

Âàð³àíò ²

². Ïåðåïèø³òü íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ, âèçíà÷òå â êîæíîìó ç íèõ âèäî÷àñîâó ôîðìó ³ ñòàí 䳺ñëîâà-ïðèñóäêà. Ïåðåêëàä³òü ðå÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ.

1. When much material had been looked through and some problems had been solved, the article was written.

2. Electric cars will be widely used in future.

3. Today plastics are being applied for car bodies (êîðïóñ àâòîìîáèëÿ).

4. This lecture is listened to with great interest.

²². Ïåðåïèø³òü íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü ¿õ óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ, çâåðòàþ÷è óâàãó íà ð³çí³ çíà÷åííÿ ñë³â it, that, one.

1. It is proved that light needs time to travel any distance.

2. One must take part in scientific work.

3. Specialists consider that in future city transport will reject gasoline.

²²². Ïåðåïèø³òü íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ ³ ïåðåêëàä³òü ¿õ óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ, çâåðòàþ÷è óâàãó íà áåçñïîëó÷íèêîâå ï³äïîðÿäêóâàííÿ.

1. We know electricity produces heat.

2. The new materials the chemists of our institute developed were widely used.

IV. Ïåðåïèø³òü òà ïåðåêëàä³òü óêðà¿íñüêîþ íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ. Ïàì’ÿòàéòå, ùî îá’ºêòíèé òà ñóá’ºêòíèé ³íô³í³òèâí³ çâîðîòè â³äïîâ³äàþòü ï³äðÿäíèì ðå÷åííÿì.

1. We expect the scientific and technological progress to increase the intensifica­tion of production.

2. For a long time, special paper impregnated with paraffin was considered to be the main non-conductor used for manufacturing small capacitors (êîíäåíñàòîð).

3. The metal to be poured into a mold for casting may contract or expand on so­lidifying.

V. Ïåðåïèø³òü òà ïåðåêëàä³òü óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ. Çâåðí³òü óâàãó íà ïåðåêëàä çàëåæíîãî òà íåçàëåæíîãî 䳺ïðèêìåòíèêîâèõ çâîðîò³â.

1. Having done a number of calculations, our astronomers have shown that the basic mass of the galaxies is concentrated outside their visible part.

2. A simple laboratory experiment demonstrating this principle is shown in Fig. 1.

3. Ordinary light entering a crystal of tourmaline, the phenomenon of "selective absorption" takes place.

VI. Ïåðåïèø³òü òà ïåðåêëàä³òü óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ íàñòóïí³ ðå÷åííÿ. Çâåðí³òü óâàãó íà ïåðåêëàä óìîâíèõ ðå÷åíü.

1. If the computer’s electronic memory had recorded all the operator’s commands, the picture of deviations from the required parameters would have been produced.

2. If biological experiments are continued, the problem of developing the technology for growing plants in space conditions will be solved.

3. It would be impossible to protect metal from corrosion without the films.

VII. Ïðî÷èòàéòå òåêñò. Ïåðåïèø³òü òà ïèñüìîâî ïåðåêëàä³òü éîãî.

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